電(dian)(dian)(dian)捕焦油(you)(you)器(qi)(electric detarring precipitator)是(shi)指利用高(gao)壓直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)場的作(zuo)用分離焦油(you)(you)霧滴和煤氣(qi)的焦爐煤氣(qi)初冷設(she)備。電(dian)(dian)(dian)捕焦油(you)(you)器(qi)可(ke)設(she)于(yu)焦爐煤氣(qi)鼓風機(ji)之前或后。電(dian)(dian)(dian)捕焦油(you)(you)器(qi)與機(ji)械(xie)除焦油(you)(you)器(qi)相比，具有捕焦油(you)(you)效率高(gao)、阻力(li)損(sun)失小、氣(qi)體處理量(liang)大(da)等特點。不僅(jin)可(ke)保證后續(xu)工序(xu)對氣(qi)體質量(liang)的要(yao)求，提(ti)高(gao)產(chan)品回收率，而且可(ke)明顯改善操作(zuo)環境(jing)。

　　電捕(bu)焦油器采用結構(gou)形(xing)式有同心圓式、管(guan)(guan)式和蜂(feng)窩式等三種(zhong)。無論哪種(zhong)結構(gou)，其工作原(yuan)理(li)，即在金屬(shu)導(dao)線與金屬(shu)管(guan)(guan)壁〔或極板(ban)〕間施加高(gao)壓直流電，以維持足以使(shi)氣體產生(sheng)電離的電場，使(shi)陰(yin)陽極之(zhi)間形(xing)成電暈區(qu)。

　　理論依據

　　按(an)電(dian)場(chang)理論， 正離子(zi)(zi)吸附于(yu)帶(dai)(dai)負(fu)電(dian)的(de)電(dian)暈(yun)極(ji)，負(fu)離子(zi)(zi)吸附于(yu)帶(dai)(dai)正電(dian)的(de)沉(chen)淀(dian)極(ji);所有被電(dian)離的(de)正負(fu)離子(zi)(zi)均充(chong)滿電(dian)暈(yun)極(ji)與沉(chen)淀(dian)極(ji)之間(jian)的(de)整個空間(jian)。當含(han)焦(jiao)(jiao)油霧滴等雜質的(de)煤氣(qi)通(tong)過該電(dian)場(chang)時，吸附了(le)負(fu)離子(zi)(zi)和電(dian)子(zi)(zi)的(de)雜質在電(dian)場(chang)庫倫力的(de)作用下，移動到沉(chen)淀(dian)極(ji)后釋放(fang)出所帶(dai)(dai)電(dian)荷，并(bing)吸附于(yu)沉(chen)淀(dian)極(ji)上，從而達(da)到凈(jing)(jing)化氣(qi)體的(de)目的(de)，通(tong)常稱為(wei)荷電(dian)現象。當吸附于(yu)沉(chen)淀(dian)極(ji)上的(de)雜質量增加(jia)到大于(yu)其附著力時，會自動向下流趟，從電(dian)捕(bu)焦(jiao)(jiao)油器底(di)部排出，凈(jing)(jing)氣(qi)體則從電(dian)捕(bu)焦(jiao)(jiao)油器上部離開并(bing)進入下道(dao)工序。

　　工作機理

　　氣(qi)體(ti)的(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程 ： 在(zai)通(tong)常情況下(xia)氣(qi)體(ti)是不導電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)，但在(zai)高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)的(de)作用(yong)下(xia)氣(qi)體(ti)內部的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)便(bian)會獲得足(zu)夠的(de)能量(liang)成(cheng)為自由電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)而(er)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)，被稱為自發(fa)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)現(xian)象。氣(qi)體(ti)的(de)自發(fa)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)是建立(li)在(zai)非均勻(yun)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)中(zhong)。在(zai)均勻(yun)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)中(zhong)，隨(sui)著電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)增加，只要其間任何一點(dian)發(fa)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)，兩極(ji)間將立(li)即充滿帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)子(zi)，整個(ge)空間的(de)氣(qi)體(ti)被擊穿。此(ci)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)流急(ji)劇(ju)增加而(er)形成(cheng)火花(hua)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)。而(er)在(zai)非均勻(yun)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)強(qiang)度則隨(sui)兩極(ji)間的(de)距離(li)增大(da)而(er)迅速(su)下(xia)降。

　　工業中的(de)選擇 ：

　　根據供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極性的不同，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈有陰(yin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈和陽電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈之分。在工業生產中(zhong)，大(da)多(duo)采用陰(yin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈，因為在相同的條(tiao)件(jian)下，陰(yin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈可以獲得(de)比陽電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈高(gao)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，而且(qie)其閃絡電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓也遠比陽電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要高(gao)。

　　影響電捕性(xing)能(neng)的主要(yao)因(yin)素：

　　由于影響電捕焦油器(qi)操作性能的(de)(de)因(yin)素很多，選型時請告知粉塵與(yu)霧滴(di)的(de)(de)密度、粘(zhan)度、比電阻、氣體溫度、壓力、濕度、流速與(yu)雜濃度等。